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Title
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Author
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Year
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Algorithmic Bias? An Empirical Study of Apparent Gender-Based Discrimination in the Display of STEM Career Ads
The use of algorithms to make decisions can lead to bias; one algorithm displayed a “gender neutral” ad to more men than women. The algorithm was designed to be cost-effective; because advertisers pay more to display ads to young women, the ad was shown to fewer women.
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Catherine Tucker, Anja Lambrecht |
2018 |
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How Effective is Black-Box Digital Consumer Profiling and Audience Delivery?: Evidence from Field Studies
Little is known about how data brokers create consumer profiles for use in marketing. Analysis shows that digital profiles purporting to identify consumers by age and gender are often inaccurate. Advertisers globally waste $7 billion annually buying such profiles.
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Catherine Tucker, Nico Neumann, Timothy Whitfield |
2018 |
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Big Data, Health Law, and Bioethics
Big data is expected to transform health care and medicine. Today’s ethical guidelines and laws may not adequately protect users against threats to privacy and the risk of discrimination. Third-party firms may function as go-betweens for patients and health care providers.
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Urs Gasser, Effy Vayena, Holly Fernandez Lynch, I. Glenn Cohen |
2018 |
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Free Speech is a Triangle
Increasingly, nation-states censor speakers by co-opting the expertise of internet-based businesses like Google. Defending free speech means resisting this type of censorship, and protecting users from manipulative uses of data.
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Jack M. Balkin |
2018 |
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The Many Revolutions of Carpenter
The Supreme Court’s opinion in Carpenter v. United States is revolutionary. The Supreme Court recognizes that Fourth Amendment privacy rights were intended to preserve a society free of constant surveillance.
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Paul Ohm |
2018 |
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The First Amendment in the Second Gilded Age
Social media firms give users freedom of speech in exchange for access to personal data. The digital public sphere depends on the business models of firms like Google and Twitter.
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Jack M. Balkin |
2018 |
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Fixing Social Media's Grand Bargain
Social media firms like Facebook offer services for free in exchange for data from end users, using the data to sell advertising. This bargain encourages social media firms and advertisers to manipulate users.
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Jack M. Balkin |
2018 |
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Smart Cities: Privacy, Transparency, and Community
Smart cities raise concerns about privacy, autonomy, and bias. A smart city should preserve privacy in three contexts: As a data steward, as a data platform, and as a government authority.
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Omer Tene, Kelsey Finch |
2018 |
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The Influence of Friends and Experts on Privacy Decision Making in IoT Scenarios
People find making privacy decisions about Internet of Things (IoT) devices difficult. Users’ decisions about privacy can be swayed by experts and friends.
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Lorrie Faith Cranor, Heather Patterson, Lujo Bauer, Martin Degeling, Mohammad Reza Haghighat, Pardis Emami Naeini, Richard Chow |
2018 |
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The Costs of Not Using Data: Balancing Privacy and the Perils of Inaction
Some legal norms direct organizations to limit use of data, but others compel use of data to benefit the public. Data collectors may serve as information fiduciaries, obligated to act in users’ interests.
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Omer Tene, Gabe Maldoff |
2018 |