All Article Summaries

A survey of thousands of firms helps economists understand the spread of advanced technologies such as robotics. Advanced technologies are often used for automation, and generally improves productivity.

Data localization policies prohibit the transfer of data to foreign countries. Data localization affects the ability of organizations to prevent and respond to cyberattacks, increasing cybersecurity risks.

Artificial intelligence (AI) relies on natural resources, low-cost labor, and data. The production of AI technology harms the environment. AI systems rely on low-wage workers.

Artificial intelligence (AI) will transform the economy. Layered AI-based firm architecture and agile teams will replace silos. Network effects and learning effects will result in winner-take-all markets.

United States’ law requires firms to turn electronic evidence over to law enforcement even when the data is stored in another country. The law may conflict with European privacy law, which limits data transfers to foreign governments.

German law recognizes strong privacy rights and limits surveillance. However, police and intelligence surveillance powers have expanded since the end of the Cold War. International firms may violate German law by sharing data stored in the cloud with authorities in the United States.

As strong encryption becomes more common for data and voice messages, traditional wiretaps become less effective. Law enforcement agencies have shifted from seeking local real-time access to messages to seeking remote access to stored messages, which are often unencrypted.

Blockchain is an important development in information technology. Blockchain systems can be dangerous if not effectively governed, but application of rigid rules could discourage blockchain-based innovation. Blockchain systems can develop governance systems that link up with traditional legal institutions.

Once, fear of "cyberwar" was exaggerated. Today, governments and the military control networks for surveillance and use platforms like Facebook and Twitter for propaganda campaigns. These campaigns challenge the firms whose networks are targeted.

Machines that can actually think are referred to as strong Artificial intelligence (AI). The First Amendment might protect speech by strong AI. Courts focused on the value of speech to listeners and the need to constrain government power will be sympathetic to this view.